Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 228

Assignment Example The executive director of New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty David Kaczynski claimed that medicine is supposed to heal people; it is not sets as its purpose to heal them in order to kill. There appears to be a strong controversy. One point is that he conducted a crime and deserves death penalty. Another point is that he is not sane to be executed. Thus, Singleton has to bear the responsibility for own actions. The goals of court and medicine appear to be in a conflict regarding this issue. There are three main possible outcomes: he is being cured and killed; he is insane and would not be executed; he remains insane but still he is being executed – without conscious perception, just murdered like an animal. Each argument has its sense. Supporting the first variant, I cannot accept the second one. If a person conducted a crime, he has to face the consequences. If he is already a death row prisoner, no reason could be strong enough to change the decision. Another aspect is that he has to be conscious enough to realize the weight of the crime he conducted. Just eliminating him may help society, yet such extent of punishment has no conscious and moral element. There is a probable claim that medications and efforts of doctors are applied not properly. Doctors spend their time, drugs are bought and used for accomplishing a short-turn goal – to heal to execute immediately. It all may happen the same time when people are ill and suffering, they may have no money to buy medications; while the government spends money and medicine for those who will be executed shortly. It is a kind of waste of resources. If there is a person, who is dangerous and destructive, he or she has to be isolated; murder is a reason for death penalty. There are objections to such measure of punishment and debates are still held. Anyhow, doctors and medicines have to be used for healing people. Medicine values reject healing for killing. I would

Physical mental illness adolescents Essay Example for Free

Physical mental illness adolescents Essay Adolescence is a period during which many learning tasks must be accomplished. Even adolescents whose development is normal may have problems. Some adolescents, however, have major problems in achieving a satisfactory adjustment to the demands of home, school, and community. They may engage in unacceptable behavior; or their physical, social, emotional, and mental development may be slower than that of other adolescents. This research paper presents some representative illnesses of adolescence; the illnesses covered include problems of physical and mental illnesses. The physical illnesses Theoretical Framework Adolescence is unknown in many nonindustrialized countries. Instead, adulthood begins with the onset of puberty and is commonly celebrated with traditional rites of passage. With the advent of universal free education and child labor laws in Western countries, children, who otherwise would have entered the adult work world by the time they reached puberty, entered a period of life during which they developed an adult body yet maintained a childlike dependence on parents. Formal study of this transitional period between childhood and adulthood, known as adolescence, began with the work of G. Stanley Hall at the beginning of this century (Proefrock, 1999). But adolescence became a major field of study only in the past few decades. In fact, the Annual Review of Psychology did not include a review of research on adolescence until 1988- its 39th volume (Petersen, 1998). Adolescence has been celebrated in myth and fiction as a time of joy, with few pressures and demands. Is adolescence a carefree and happy stage? While many adolescent probably remember good times, they also remember times of unhappiness and stress, too. Moreover, most adolescents recall fears and doubts and periods of insecurity, along with unpleasant feelings about the kind of person they were. If so, they’re recollections are not unusual. Contrary to the romanticized version of adolescence as a carefree time, many illnesses may arise in this period. A truly carefree adolescence is rare, if not impossible. In spite of the illnesses that adolescents face, and the troubled behaviors that they may manifest, most adolescents do not become identified as â€Å"problem children. † This research paper will examine some illnesses in adolescent stage considered to be manifestations of disordered functioning. Causal factors will be presented for each illness, and treatments will also be discussed. Empirical Evidence In considering the problem of illnesses in adolescents, an important variable must be remembered: Adolescence is a very short period. Ideally, they develop from â€Å"primitive organism† to mature, stable adults. During the course of development, some behaviors may frequently be bothersome to others, or may cause psychological pain for the adolescent. Fortunately, these behaviors often disappear with time; the child â€Å"grows out† of them. Many theorists view life as a series of developmental periods through which children progress. During this progression, many tasks must be completed if the child is to become a reasonably well-functioning human being. How well each of us resolves these development tasks depends on many factors, including our genetic endowment, physical environment, and psychological support we receive from those raising us. Rather than review the development stages presented by one theorist, we will look more generally at what faces the child. Defining Illnesses Many criteria have been suggested for distinguishing whether the behavior of a child is to be considered an illness. A child’s behavior may not meet all these criteria, or even most of them, and still be of concern to a parent. For example, a teenager who is fearful about school might not be diagnosed as suffering from disorder, but the child would benefit from parental understanding and assistance in resolving this fear. The application of a formal diagnosis to many adolescent illnesses may result in negative labeling effects for many diagnosed adolescent, who are likely to carry the stigma of diagnosis throughout their school career. The more severe labels, may correctly or incorrectly influence teachers` perceptions of the asserts and deficits of adolescents. If an adolescent is expected to be a problem student because of a diagnostic label the teacher may well behave in a way that elicits problem behavior from the adolescent. The label may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Mental Illness The term mentally ill is frightening to many people. Movies, books, and magazines often depict mental illness in frightening ways. In some cases, adolescents suffering from a mental illness do act unpredictably or even dangerously. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most of the symptoms of mental illnesses can be controlled. It is tempting to distinguish healthy adolescents from adolescents with mental illness problems. However, there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. It is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity. For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents` mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents` friends and family. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. Approximately 5 million adolescents suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorders. An obsessive-compulsive disorder is an illness in which people have obsessive thoughts or perform habitual behaviors that they cannot control. People with obsessions often have recurring ideas or thoughts that they cannot control. People with compulsions feel forced to engage in a receptive behavior, almost as if the behavior controls them. Continual handwashing, counting to a certain number while using the toilet, and checking and rechecking all the light switches in the house before leaving or going to bed are examples of compulsive behaviors. Some compulsive behaviors that are more harmful include pulling out one’s hair and other forms of self-mutilation. The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder are difficult to isolate. Some theorists believe that sufferers engage in compulsive behaviors to distract themselves from more pressing problems. Until recently, behavioral therapy, which focuses on controlling and changing behaviors, has been the common treatment for sufferers of obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, research now indicates that some of these disorders may be caused by a lack of the neurotransmitters serotonin in the limbic system. In the early 1990, a drug called clomipramine (Anafiranil) was released for prescription use. Researchers believe that chlomipramine alters the way serotonin is used in the brain. When used in conjunction with behavioral therapy, this drug has been found to be helpful in alleviating symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion/Summary explaining the connection between my subject and current ideas and applications within the field of psychology and throughout the research the references should be noted and organized, third person writing perspective and avoid biased or pejorative language. 12 font, Courier style font and double spaced. Thank you. Physical and mental Illness in Adolescents. I want the paper to have both positive and opposing veiws from authors along with a knowledgable solution or idea.

Definition of Expatriate Failure

Definition of Expatriate Failure Understanding what expatriate failure is and minimising the risk of it occurring is important to multinational companies.  Ã‚  Discuss. Introduction Staffing in Multinational Company (MNC) is a challenging but crucial and strategic issue to international human resource management (IHRM) (Graigner Nankervis, 2001). According to Edstron and Galbraith (1977), MNCs may decide to use international staffing for three major reasons. First, the lack of suitable and qualified resources in the host country national (HNCs); second, a mean for management development and third, a way to establish control and coordination among the subsidiaries. A fourth reason, increasing knowledge transfer among the subsidiaries, was added later (Bonache et al. 2001 and Hocking et al. 2004). There are four major categories or practices for MNCs staffing: ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regioncentric (Perlmutter, 1969 and Heenan Perlmutter, 1979 as cited in Dowling et al., 2008, p.80). In general, a multinational company can select several different approaches to international staffing. It may recruit from the local country (HCN), or from the pare nt country (PCN) or from a foreign subsidiary (TCN) (Dowling et al 2008, p.80). The IHRM literature has an extensive amount of research that has studied the field of international staffing and expatriates, their effectiveness (Dowling Wetch 2004 as cited in Nanda Kumar 2012, p.58), associated costs (Dowling et, al. 2008, p.81) and return on investment, compensations, performance, expatriates adaptation in the local countries, challenges and issues and failure. Effectiveness of expatriate assignments International assignments are very costly as they are estimated at millions of dollars annually (Collings, Scullion, Dowling 2009). Consequently, the effectiveness, utility and viability of expatriates assignments and international staffing have been questioned (Dowling et, al. 2008). Collings and his colleagues (2007) have addressed this issue by identifying five aspects: supply side issues, demand side issues, expatriate performance and expatriate failure, performance evaluation, cost and career dynamics. Recently, Return on Investments (ROIs) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"both individual and corporate, instead of costs, have been used to evaluate their effectiveness (McNulty Tharenou 2005; McNulty, De Cieri Hutchings 2013). Expatriate Failure Definition In its simplest term, expatriate failure could be defined as premature return. However, Harzing (1995, p.2) argues that this definition might be very inadequate way to measure expatriate failure, as the ones who stay but failed to achieve expected performances are more damaging to the organisation. According to Lee (2007), it should also include the expatriates that failed to adapt, to learn new things or to meet expected performance standards. Bruning and McCaughey (2005) argue that it amounts to an expatriates premature return from the international assignment or under-performance whilst conducting the assignment. Harzing and Christensen (2004, p.7) defines expatriate failure as the inability of [an] expatriate to perform according to the expectations of the organisation. This definition include both under-performance during the international assignment including premature return and the inappropriate repatriation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"permanent departure or dysfunction after return (i bid, p.7). As the objective is to successfully complete the international assignment, a broad definition of expatriate failure should be considered. Failure Rates In the recent years, many studies have reported high rates of expatriate failures. For example, around 10 to 20% of the US expatriates returned prematurely while 33% of the ones who stayed had poor performance standards (Black and Gregersen 1997). A survey of global trends in international assignments, by GMAC Global Relocation Services, National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) and SHRM Global Forum (GMAC, NFTC SHRM) in 2004 shows that 7% of expatriates prematurely returned. However, as the cost of expatriates is relatively high (PriceWaterhouseCoopers 2006, as cited in Dowling et al 2008, p.81, others), a key issue in international staffing literature is expatriate failure and its cost. However, Harzing (1995, p.2), in The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates argues that there is almost no empirical foundation for the existence of high failure rates when measured as premature reentry. Reasons for Expatriate Failure Many researches have addressed the issues of expatriate failure and attempted to identify identified the reasons that cause it. Some of these reasons are: the lack of cross-cultural adjustment by expatriates, their spouse or family and some dissatisfaction with the international assignments leading to poor performance. Around 10 to 20% of the US expatriates returned prematurely due to these reasons, while 33% of the ones who stayed had poor performance (Black and Gregersen 1997). Other reasons are due to poor selection, increased responsibilities and stresses and adjustment within the social context. Cross-Cultural adjustment When expatriates start international assignments in the host country, they and their families have to adjust to a new culture. They normally experience what is called a culture shock cycle as visualised in Figure 1 (Adler 2008). At the beginning, expatriates are very positive and excited about their assignments aboard, and about discovering new culture. But, after a period of few months, they enter the next phase until they reach the lowest point in the curve, known as culture shock. However, as the expatriates start to adapt to the new culture and feel more settled, the curve will go up again. Difficulties with Cross-Cultural adjustments are some of the major reasons for premature return of expatriates or their families (Black and Gregersen 1997). A recent study (Abdul Malek Budhwar 2013) found a positive direct influence of the expatriates cultural intelligence with their work interaction and adjustments. Emotional intelligence was found by Gabel, Dolan Cerdin (2005) as having a significant correlation with specific performance and can be used predictor of cultural adjustment for success in international assignment. Figure 1. Culture shock cycle Poor Expatriate Selection Improper selection of the expatriates is another reason for expatriate failure. Despite their importance, technical and managerial skills are not for the only skills required for effective international staffing. More attention must be paid to interpersonal skills that help in cross-cultural adjustment (Lee 2007). Another important factor that should be taken into consideration is the employees motivation and feelings towards the assignment. With high motivation, they will consider the assignment aboard as an opportunity rather than a restraint in their career development (ibid). It is also important to consider the attitude of the spouse and children as well as their willingness towards moving and living aboard. For example, spouse resistance and family adjustment were among the highest critical challenges for expatriates (GMAC, NFTC SHRM 2004). Also, 47% of assignment refusals were due to family concerns (GMAC, NFTC SHRM 2004). Increased Responsibilities and Stresses Moving to another country and leaving family, parents, friends and comfortable environments behind causes stress. The amount of stress will increase with the cross-cultural adjustment as the expatriates would face ambiguous situations at work and outside work. Additionally, the new assignment may require higher level of commitment and responsibility leading to more stress. Balancing between work responsibilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"locally and with headquarters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" on the one and family expectations on the other hand will increase pressure and stress (Brown 2008). Adjustment within the social context In order to achieve the expected performance and cope with the increasing stress, expatriates must adapt to the new working and living conditions. Studies have found that social contexts, such as positive social contact with local nationals and social networks, have positive influence on the expatriates adjustments, stress-coping, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping (McGinley 2008; Osman-Gani Rockstuhl, 2008). Costs of Failure Costs occur in any international assignment particularly when an expatriate prematurely returns home or fails to perform as expected. There are two types of costs, direct and indirect costs. Direct costs comprise the expatriates salary, cost of training especially during the pre-departure preparation, travel and relocation expenses. This cost could be between US$250,000 and US$1,250,000 (Briscoe 1995; Black Gregersen 1999; Abbottet al. 2006; all cited in Cole 2011, p.1505). However, indirect costs could be loss of customers and markets, damaging customer relationships, difficulties with host countrys government and authorities and the cost of replacement (Forster 2000; Cole, 2011). Avoiding or Minimising Expatriate Failure Managing the international resources is a major challenge, but it is an important factor in the success or failure of the MNC. Many factors can contribute to the failure of MNCs, including expatriate failures due to premature return or poor repatriation. MNCs must control and mitigate any kind of failure and crisis including expatriate crises. In order to avoid expatriate failure or minimise its risk, proper and suitable international human resource management policies and procedures should be in place. With such policies and procedures, IHRM can effectively and efficiently manage the international human resources. First, they can efficiently plan for the selection of expatriates; second, pre-departure can be better prepared; third, continuous communication with the expatriates while they are in their international assignment can be maintained, leading to better planning for their return to their home country with a proper position and job assignment; and fourth, repatriation can be effectively planed and implemented. Expatriate Selection In addition to technical and managerial skills, interpersonal skills that could assist in the cultural adjustment are very essential to the success of the expatriates in their international assignments (Clarke and Hammer (1995). A study by Tung (1987) across 80 US MNCs had identified four general categories which may contribute to expatriate success. These categories are (1) technical competence, (2) personality traits or relational abilities, (3) environmental variables, and (4) family situations. Later, by examining 15 organisations, Ronen (1989) as cited in Chew (2004) developed a model, for an effective selection, that consists of five categories: (1) job factors, (2) relational dimensions, (3) motivational state, (4) family situation, and (5) language skills. The job factors consist of technical skills as identified by Tung, familiarity with the operations of both headquarter and host country, managerial skills and administrative competence. The relational dimensions include tolerance for ambiguity, behavioural flexibility, non- judgementalism, cultural empathy and low ethnocentrism and interpersonal skills. Motivational state comprises belief in the mission, congruence with career path, interest in overseas experience, interest in specific host country culture and willingness to acquire new patterns of behaviour and attitudes. In family situation, willingness of a spouse to live abroad, adaptive and supportive spouse and stable marriages should be considered. Finally, host country language and non-verbal communication are very essential. Pre-departure preparation Once the expatriate has been selected, pre-departure preparation should take place. This preparation should prepare the expatriate for the assignment abroad and ensure her/his success in the international assignment (Mendenhall et al. 1987). Some of the activities that should be considered during this phase are career counseling, cross-cultural adjustment and languages. Career counselling for both the expatriate and accompanied spouse is very essential to the success of the expatriate in the international assignment (ref). Preparing the expatriate and his family for cross-cultural adjustment is very crucial especially if the expatriate is not familiar with the culture customs and work ethics in the host country (Weech 2001). In addition to cross-cultural training, language training, and some short academic programs in the host country could be very beneficial (Okpara Kabongo, 2011). A study by Shen and Lang (2009) examined the impacts of cross-cultural training (CCT) on expatriate performance in Australian MNEs, concluded that short-term assignments had a stronger impact on expatriates in term of cross-cultural adjustment. According to the survey of GMAC, NFTC SHRM, 2004, most companies (60%) provide formal cross-cultural training before assignments began with 73% of expatriates indicating that these trainings had great value. Keeping good communications with home company Continuous and good communications between the home company in general and HR personnel in particular from one side and the expatriates from the other side are very healthy and productive. Through these communications, the expatriates are kept aware about what going on in their home organisations, their performances, strategic decisions, re-organisations and potential opportunities when they return home. They also facilitate and make the readjustment and post-employment easier and smother. The Return of Expatriates One of the reasons for international assignment is to gain international and cross-cultural experience and knowledge; therefore it is very important for the MNCs to retain the employee after the international assignment has been completed. One of the major risks, associated with high costs, is the difficulty to maintain the expatriates upon their returns to the home country (Downes Thomas 1999). Considering these difficulties, expatriates need assistance to settle back in their home country. As part of the overall IHRM policies and procedures, repatriation programs must have been developed to tackle two major issues (1) career planning and (2) reverse culture shock (Hammer, Hart Rogan 1998). The GMAC, NFTC SHRM 2004 survey confirmed that 8% of the expatriates have left the company during the assignment while 13% within one year of returning and additional 10% within 2 years. Repatriation Agreement and Career Planning Another important factor to retain the expatriates after their return is to have a repatriation planning, preferably before the international assignment began (Latta 1999). Such planning should include a repatriation agreement that includes provision of a specified period of the assignment and a return incentive with an assurance of an acceptable job. For example, the GMAC, NFTC SHRM survey indicated that 86% held repatriation/re-entry discussion with 44% of had these discussions before departure and 23% under 6 months before return. However, only 24% had guarantees of employment at home country, 11% had guarantees for employment at another location and 68% had no guarantees for post-employment. Job guarantee, with comparable position or a promotion, is very crucial for the repatriation program to be successful. Reverse Culture shock Assisting the employee and his family to re-adjust into their home country and culture is very important. They make the employees fell that the company had taken care of them and acted to their best interests. Definitely, this will enforce the employee commitments and loyalty to the home company and helps maintaining these experienced resources and their international knowledge within the organisation. Alternative Assignments As MNCs are more and more faced with pressures to reduce costs and shortage and resistance of employees to move abroad for long-term assignments, Collings (2007) and his colleagues argue that international assignments are unsustainable. For them, MNCs might need to consider alternative and standard forms of international assignment. Some of these alternatives could be short-term assignments, commuter assignments, international business travel and virtual assignments. It is also essential that IHRM incorporate these emerging alternatives assignments into their policies and procedures. Conclusion Expatriate failure, either premature return, performing below expectation or inability to retain the expatriate after repatriation, is very common whining MNCs and it could be very costly. There are many reasons for expatriate failure. Cross-cultural adjustments for the expatriates, their spouse of their children are one of the most reasons for premature return. Additionally, poor expatriate selection that only considers technical and managerial skills with interpersonal skills is another reason. Added to them is stress caused by increased responsibility and balancing between work and family (Shih, Chiang and Hsu, 2010). Inability to maintain the experienced employees after repatriation is another risk. Improper repatriation program that take in consideration career planning and job guarantee after coming back home and reverse culture shock that help the expatriates and their families to readjust in their home country are ones of the major reasons. Expatriate failure can be avoided or minimised by (1) proper expatriate selection taking in consideration the interpersonal skills of the expatriates, the motivation of the candidates and the willingness of their spouses and families to live in the host country; (2) pre-preparation departure through careers counselling and cultural adjustments and language training for the employees and their families and (3) maintaining good and continuous communications with the employees while there are aboard and (4) having, as an integral part of IHRM processes and procedures, an repatriation program that take care of the employees and their families when they return home. Finally, the key challenge on avoiding or minimising expatriate failures is to have adequate and proper IHRM policies and procedures that ensure proper support for international assignment as well as repatriation.

Johnny Got His Gun Essay -- essays research papers

dignity because he could no longer interact with other humans. It was the author’s idea of the worst case scenario that could have occurred to a soldier who was injured. The description of his injuries gave the reader a picture of what it would be like to have lived with no legs, arms, or a face. It was a gruesome thought that helped personalize the story by making the reader feel bad for the main character. At this time many perceived fighting in a war to be noble but for most of the soldiers it was anything but noble. Many times television shows, movies, and books had glamorized war, but that was not the truth. This book showed the harsh reality of war that most people didn’t know existed at the time. War is something that no man should ever hope for, but young men were told that it was glorious to fight for your country. The reality was that they put their lives on the line every day to fight for their country. It may have been heroic but definitely not glamorous to kill another human. In some cases, soldiers who were in wars had severe mental problems when they would return home from war because of the brutality they saw. When Joe finally became conscience of his surroundings he realized what had happened to him. Due to his injuries Joe was isolated from the rest of the world. This made it so that he didn’t even know if he was awake or sleeping. He kept having flashbacks to the war and to his life previous to the war. Then when he realized that his life was over he wanted to end it but he had no power to. He told others through morse code but they denied him death. The life that Joe Bonham led after his injuries was in no way glamorous but instead the worst possible way to live When I originally started reading this book I thought that war was a necessary part of our society to keep other countries in order, but now I realize that war serves no purpose whatsoever. It is just a waste of resources and life that could be better used. I still believe that we should have an army to protect us but I now feel that we should use more restraint when sending in military force. In most cases it is not necessary to shed blood in other countries. I believe that our army should only be used in extreme cases when there is no other solution. In most cases it would be possible to resolve a problem without fighting but it is easier to just... ...ke the reader suffer, but to create recognition of the psychosis involved in co-existing with war. Johnny Got His Gun is not a wholeheartedly pacifist novel. Like many social protest works of the 30s, it ends with a call to arms against the masters of war: "If you tell us to make the world safe for democracy we will take you seriously and by god and by Christ we will make it so." The novel embodies the blunt, defiant anti-militarist spirit of Eugene Debs, Socialist Party writer Mary Marcy and Gen. Smedley ("War is a racket!") Butler, the much-decorated WWI general who later changed his mind about war. Shortly after the publication of Johnny Got His Gun, this spirit waned as support for the new war effort enveloped the majority of the Left. (In 1947, Trumbo would become one of the "Hollywood 10" who defied the House Committee on Un-American Activities and were jailed and blacklisted for their stand.) Then a generation later, along with that spirit, the novel resurfaced unexpectedly. They keep each other alive. Trumbo, who died in 1976, would have appreciated how quickly the hoopla for the Gulf War evaporated. His book played a part in that. Watch for

Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize for economic science, was born on July 31, 1912 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the forth and last child of Sarah Ethel and Jeno Saul Friedman. Friedman was known as an American economist and as a public intellectual who made major contributions throughout his lifetime to the fields that were related to macroeconomics, microeconomics, economic history as well as its statistics.Friedman’s family was a typical working class family of Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. They lived in the United States and his family’s income was small and highly uncertain since it drastically varied from time to time. There was always a financial crisis at stake and change was a constant companion for them. However, there was always enough love, warmth, and food to feed the whole family.Along with his sister, he attended a public elementary and secondary school where he graduated from Rahway High School in 1928 before his 16th b irthday. Unfortunately his mother and two older sisters were in charge of supporting the family when Friedman’s father passed away during his senior year in high school. Friedman knew very well that his future was up to himself and he had to put double the effort to be able to finance everything himself.When he attended the Rutgers University, he was awarded with a competitive scholarship which helped him along the way allowing him to grate in 1932. Friedman personally states that he was, â€Å"†¦financing the rest of his college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting on tables, clerking in a retail store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings.†[1] At first when the attended the university, he was specializing in mathematics with the sole purpose of becoming an actuary, but after failing several examinations, he started becoming more interested and intrigued in economics and eventually, he ended up majoring in both fields.It was later on in 19 46 when the Columbia University awarded him a Ph.D, allowing him to serve as a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago one year later. He contributed in building a helpful intellectual community that produced a number of Nobel Prize winners that were later known as the Chicago School of Economics. Friedman also developed the Theory of the Consumption Function and along with the assistance of Simon Kuznets, they joined together to public Incomes from Independent Professional Practice. This book served as his doctoral dissertation at Colombia University, but they were not allowed to publish it 1940 and they had to wait after the war because the book created controversy since it introduced the concepts of permanent and transitory incomes.Like mentioned before, Friedman won the Nobel Prize in Economics for, â€Å"his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity analysis, monetary history and theo ry and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.†[2] He was married to Rose Director in 1938 and she was the co-author of many of his books. They also had two children named Janet and David. David is now a philosopher and an economist just like his father. Milton Friedman died on November 16, 2006, at the age of 94 in San Francisco, California because of a severe heart failure.Nowadays, he is known as one of two most influential economists of the 20th century. In 1962, he published another book titled Capitalism and Freedom, where he demonstrated his support for minimizing the role of government in a free market promoting political as well as social freedom. Friedman has explained how the free market works revealing and explaining to others that this system, as opposed to any other, has been able to solve both social and political problems that have been adequately addressed. His book was published worldwide reaching to the hands of people that lived in a communist country.Friedman’s strong passion for freedom and liberty has influenced a lot of people, more than what he could have even imagined. His writings along with his ideas and speeches have reached the ears and minds of many US presidents, leaders around the world, entrepreneurs, students, and citizens of many countries.He was a member of the Reagan’s Economic Policy Advisory Board and with his theory of monetarism; he showed everyone his moral vision of life. He clarified to everyone that nation should be composed of free men and women, with freedom of choice, where the government is not necessarily authorized to override citizens decisions. Despite the fact that Friedman knew that his theories was attacked by many traditional economists, he still showed that he strongly favored a policy of steady and moderate growth in the money supply of the economy. He also opposed wage and price controls and criticized the FED for trying so hard to tune the economy.Through out Milton Friedman’s lifetime, he was written many famous books and among some of them were: Price Theory (1962), Capitalism and Freedom (1962), An Economist’s Protest (1972), There is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch (1975), and Free to Choose (1979). He also won many aware such as the John Bate Clark Medal in 1951, the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1976, the National Medal of Science in 1988, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom the same year. It can be seen that Friedman was an outspoken economist that influenced the lives of many others by defending and promoting his true beliefs in what and how a successful economy should really look like.Work CitedMilton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976 2006.Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-Winning Economist, Dies at 94. The New York Times. November 16, 2006.[1] Milton Friedman: Autobiography. The Nobel Foundation 1976. 2006

3333750-247650 Essays - 20th Century In The United States, Politics

3333750-247650 Essays - 20th Century In The United States, Politics 3333750-247650 "I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. , the speech was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement . He was assassinated in 1968. 00 "I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. , the speech was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement . He was assassinated in 1968. 1 I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American , in whose 5 symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation . This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. 10 But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 15 In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence , they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. 20 Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. 25 Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a 30 beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be

Abortion Crtical Analysis misc essays

Abortion Crtical Analysis misc essays Ellen Willis has written this article based on personal views, opinions and experiences. She openly expresses that the issue of abortion is a womans issue and should therefore be discussed with the woman in mind. She accepts the fact that others consider abortion to be a life issue and understands their feelings as to why they argue this point. It is recognized very early on that Ms. Willis is a feminist arguing the fact the fetus occupies a womans body to become a human being. She is trying to emphasize that in the pursuit to save a fetus that the womans feelings, body and life are being forgotten. The article continues on arguing the point that the fetus should not be the sole consideration when arguing this issue. The subject of the responsibility of having sex with contraception was briefly discussed. Whether the responsibility is that of the mans or that of the womans could easily be the discussion of another article. Ms. Willis mentions this topic only to remind the reader that accidents do occur. Using the argument that if a person does not want to get pregnant in the first place that they should just use birth control. Unfortunately, the article reminds us that it is not that easy. This does not encourage that abortion should be used as birth control. She is reminding the reader that a woman should not be forced to have a child because the birth control method failed. Extremists seem to be of great concern in this article. Ms. Willis argues that one can not fight for life by destroying another. She wants people to understand that it is fine to have opinions. It is the actions of the extremist that are of concern. The article discusses that to put the life of a developing fetus as higher priority as a living human being is inconceivable. Ms. Willis then personalizes the issue by discussing the birth of her own child. She explains that she knows first hand what a t ...