Discussion Form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

External Analysis of Kraft Foods Essay

Kraft is the main maker of snacks in the U. S. what's more, the universes number two food organization (Kraft Foods SWOT investigation, n.d.). We will likely keep up and improve those measurements. Aftereffects of the Porters 5-Forces There is a low danger of section of new makers. The food business is as of now glutted with organizations who rival Kraft. ConAgra ($11.62B incomes in 2012), and Nestle ($93.06B) speak to the top no matter how you look at it rivals. The Kellogg Company (13.65B) likewise holds 34.2% of the oat advertise (Kraft Annual Report, 12/31/2011). There is a low accessibility of substitutes. The overwhelming dry season in the U. S. has caused tremendous drops in the flexibly of yields and creatures. With reduced supplies when request is high, providers dealing power is likewise medium to high. Poor financial conditions combined with uplifted affectability to dietary benefits have given clients a medium bartering power (Lempert, P., 12/21/12). Aftereffects of the PEST investigation Political distress in Egypt constrained Kraft to suspend tasks there (IUF newsier 2012). In like manner, the takeover of the Cadbury organization and resulting shutting of the significant arrangement in England have generated a lot of antagonism toward Kraft (Chellel, Kit 5/23/2011). Americas working class has contracted by 10% over the most recent 40 years and joblessness implies customers are by and large exceptionally careful of how they go through their cash (Lempert, P., 12/21/12). Shopping patterns are concentrating on wellbeing concerns and particularly corpulence (Kraft Foods SWOT examination, n.d.). Over the net shopping for food is getting progressively mainstream (Lempert, P., 12/21/2012). With the approach of Facebook and Twitter, abandoned workers, their families, and other people who see injustice drastically debilitate a companys incomes with a couple of keystrokes. (Kraft Annual Report 10K 12/31/2011). Openings and Recommendations Kraft has the chance to re-design advertising and bundling to take advantage of the gigantic wellbeing and health showcase. They can teach people in general about the upsides of solid bites. Kraft ought to advance the utilization of various individual pre-bundled or potentially solidified things to make or supplement suppers instead of purchasing an entire supper. The buyer can be taught about the nourishment and time reserve funds related with individually things which can be utilized related to or notwithstanding a principle dish. Kraft has the chance to rethink the proteins in their items. On account of reduced flexibly of meat, interchange protein sources ought to be examined. I feel the best concern right currently is recapturing and keeping up the Kraft name and notoriety. It is basic to keep the Kraft brand related with great nourishments and sound tidbits. By executing these changes, the organization can go ahead with far better primary concern re sults. Presentation In this report, I have broke down the impacts of Porters 5 powers upon Kraft Foods Industry. I have reported sources to approve those impacts. The data introduced is the most recent accessible. I have additionally done a PEST examination utilizing the data gathered from the past sources just as different references. I have given impressions concerning Kraft Foods Company from both an inner and outer perspective. Taking everything into account, the suggestions for the organization should bring about better generally speaking execution. Doormen Five Forces Danger of Entry (low) There is a restricted danger that more producers will fire up in the food business. It is cost restrictive according to fire up, showcasing, promoting, and assembling brand faithfulness. There are an adequate number of contenders for Kraft Foods as of now. Particularly at this prudent lull, no considerable dangers appear to be likely (Food Retailing Industry, 2012). Contention (high) Kraft Foods has a high level of rivalry rivals. ConAgra ($11.62B incomes in 2012), and Nestle ($93.06B) speak to the most no matter how you look at it rivals. Other friend bunches with fractional item rivalry and their 2011 incomes include: âž ¢ Campbell Soup Company (7.88B) âž ¢ The Coca-Cola Company(47.60B) âž ¢ General Mills, Inc.(17.12B) âž ¢ H.J. Heinz Company (11.62B) âž ¢ Hershey Foods Corporation(6.64B) âž ¢ Kellogg Company (13.65B) which likewise holds 34.2% of the grain showcase, âž ¢ PepsiCo, Inc.(65.70B), and âž ¢ Unilever N.V. Hillshire (4.09B). (Kraft Annual Report 12/2011) (Morningstar KRFT contenders 2011). Substitutes (low) Kraft is the main producer of snacks in the U. S. what's more, the universes number two food organization (Kraft Foods SWOT investigation, n.d.). Developing your own, purchasing new nourishments, and eating out would be options in contrast to Krafts handled nourishments. For most shoppers, time and cash imperatives would block these other options. Due to the moderate economy and high pace of joblessness, numerous customers are going to home prepared dinners as opposed to purchasing a total handled feast (Reports, Statistics and Analysis (2/2/12). Haggling Power of Suppliers (medium to high) According to Phil Lempert, the store master, the obliteration of the dry spell in the United States in 2012 has caused exponential miracles in the food business. There were colossal misfortunes of the two harvests and creatures. Due to this circumstance, providers have less deliver and can request more significant expenses. More significant expenses of staple goods have constrained the shopper to observe how much food is being squandered. They are putting those basic food item dollars in great tidbits and solid suppers (Lempert, P., 12/21/12). Dealing Power of Customers (medium) Poor monetary conditions have required more intelligent utilization of staple dollars. The staple customer needs quality items at a sensible cost. Pre-bundled entire dinners have offered approach to increasingly home cooking (Reports, Statistics and Analysis 2/2/12). Improved innovation is adding to the clout that clients have. Children of post war America and recent college grads are utilizing applications to look out comparable items at better costs. Wellbeing concerns mean purchasers are understanding marks and requesting to know where their food originates from. (Food Retailing Industry 2012). There is minimal required for the purchaser in exchanging brand unwaveringness. Clients are instructing a heftier portion of dealing power than already as a result of moment data about costs and options. Nuisance Political In 2011, political change in Egypt constrained Kraft to suspend activities there. Of the 300 laborers, 250 had joined to shape a Union. In 2012, the new government initiated a social remittance which Kraft would not pay bringing about a 3-day protest. Kraft terminated five board individuals planning to wipe out the association. This has caused a lot of antagonism toward Kraft. (IUF newswire 2012). Kraft Foods purchased out Cadbury and executed some consummately lawful however flawed strategies in doing as such. The takeover and resulting shutting of one of the principle manufacturing plants in England left numerous individuals with outrage and sharpness against Kraft (Chellel, K., May 23, 2011). Both of these episodes give a brief look into how inward organization operations become headline news. Government and political elements fundamentally communicate with companies constantly however when the notoriety of the organization is harmed, it sets aside a long effort to recou p. Monetary Environment The most exceedingly terrible U. S. dry spell in 50 years has caused a fundamentally decreased gracefully of crude items. Americas white collar class has contracted by 10% over the most recent 40 years and joblessness implies purchasers are as a rule exceptionally wary of how they go through their cash (Lempert, P., 12/21/12). The world economy is additionally in a down incline. Sociocultural Environment The open requests for more advantageous nourishments and bites has expanded. Gen X-ers and twenty to thirty year olds (those conceived somewhere in the range of 1982 and 2004) need better control of what they eat, where it originated from and its healthy benefit. They are more wellbeing cognizant than some other ages of people groups. Individuals when all is said in done are concentrating on wellbeing concerns and particularly heftiness (Kraft Foods SWOT examination, n.d.). With high joblessness and diminished extra cash, cooking at home has supplanted buying entire feast bundles (Lempert, P. 12/21/2012). Innovative Environment Technology, particularly the web, has drastically changed the lives of everybody. Todays customer is continually progressing and searching for approaches to set aside time and cash. A portion of that might be accomplished by use of an application that lets the shopper look at qualit ies and costs of comparative items. Over the net shopping for food is getting increasingly well known (Lempert, P., 12/21/2012). In Krafts 2011 Annual Report, they perceive the effect of informal organizations, for example, Facebook and Twitter. Much more harming than open media, troubled clients can raise cynicism with bits of gossip and innuendoes (Kraft Annual Report 10K 12/31/2011). Generally Impressions Concerning the Companys Environment Opportunities The expense of grains and meat will be continually rising constraining basic food item costs up throughout the following barely any years. Combined with the becoming wholesome and wellbeing concerns, Kraft has the chance to re-design advertising and bundling to take advantage of the gigantic wellbeing and health showcase. They can teach the general population about the upsides of solid bites. Since cash is tight and numerous individuals are coming back to home cooking, Kraft has a chance to advance the utilization of various individual pre-bundled or potentially solidified things to make or supplement suppers rather than purchasing an entire supper. The buyer can be taught about the nourishment and time reserve funds related with individually things which can be utilized related to or notwithstanding a primary dish. Kraft has the chance to reconsider the proteins in their items. In light of lessened flexibly of meat, substitute protein sources ought to be explored. Dangers The Cadbury fiasco and the politically-based issues in Egypt have created a lot of negative press about Kraft. At the point when the notoriety of the organization is harmed, it sets aside a long effort to recoup. Despite the fact that Kraft positions high on the national and worldwide customer facing facades, a discolored reputati

Do BPD Symptoms Decline With Age

Do BPD Symptoms Decline With Age BPD Print How BPD Symptoms May Change With Age By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Tom Merton / Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions If someone you know has borderline personality disorder (BPD), you may have noticed that as that person grows older (into his or her late 30s and 40s),  their  symptoms seem to decline in frequency and severity. In fact, this a common phenomenon among those with BPD and has become a major subject of research among healthcare professionals and psychiatrists.   Potential Reasons Why BPD Symptoms Decline With Age While researchers are not exactly sure why BPD symptoms decline with age, some experts have suggested some potential reasons, including burn out, learning, and avoidance of relationships. These can be linked to both biological and environmental factors.   Burn Out in BPD Some experts have speculated that BPD symptoms decline because the symptoms naturally “burn out” or that people simply grow out of the symptoms as they mature. In particular, research has shown that the impulsivity symptoms of BPD are the most likely to decline over time. This is consistent with the observation that, in general, older people engage in less impulsive behavior, even if they do not have BPD. It may be that as we age and mature, the urge to engage in impulsive behaviors slowly goes away, allowing us to make more measured and rational decisions. Just as partying all night loses its appeal for many in their forties and fifties, impulsive or reckless BPD behaviors may also seem less natural.   Learning in BPD Other experts think that BPD symptoms may decline because as you age, you learn how to better manage your symptoms. For some people, this learning may come as the result of intensive treatment, but for others, this may be the result of the natural learning that comes from negotiating life’s challenges. Through experience and trying different treatment options and coping skills, you may be able to decrease the severity of symptoms or handle them before they start. This is similar to learning any skillâ€"with practice over time, it becomes easier to accomplish.   Avoidance of Intimate Relationships in BPD Finally, experts have speculated that BPD symptoms decline because, over time, a person with BPD  may learn to avoid situations that trigger symptoms. For example, for many people with BPD, problems in interpersonal relationships trigger the most intense reactions and symptoms. People with BPD may start to avoid interpersonal relationships altogether in order to reduce their distress. This has been referred to as being comfortably alone. While some people have reported success with this approach, it is hardly considered a solid treatment option. Avoidance and living a solitary life are not considered healthy approaches to BPD but does play a role in decreasing symptom frequency.   Another Perspective on the Connection Between Age and BPD Symptoms It is important to note that some experts dispute whether it is  a persons age or simply the duration of time he or she has had BPD that is linked to the decline in their symptoms. In other words, is it the age of the person that predicts their symptoms, or how long they have had BPD? Also, it is important to understand that while BPD is often thought of as a younger adulthood disorder, there are a group of people who meet the criteria at an older age (40 to 60 years of age), as suggested by a study in the Journal of Psychiatric Research. In this study, older people with BPD were more likely to exhibit feelings of chronic emptiness and have higher degrees of social impairment. They were  less likely to have impulsivity, engage in self-harm, or have rapid shifts in mood.   A Word From Verywell While there appears to be  a link between age and decreased symptoms in BPD, research has yet to identify the exact cause. Whether it is a result of natural maturation or a change in brain chemistry over time, scientists continue to look for the association as it may have a  significant impact on diagnosing and treating people with BPD in the future.   If there is, in fact, a change in brain chemistry, it could mean that potential medications could mimic this effect and help lessen symptoms.   Borderline Personality Disorder Remission and Recovery

Pepsi and Coca Cola in India - a Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1732 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The political environment in India proved to be very problematic for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola when they entered the market. The government has long enforced a protectionist stance on its economy in order to safeguard the interests of its people. Even with the New Industrial Policy in 1991 (Pathak 2007), that loosened the grip on foreign businesses entering the country, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola still had to jump through many hurdles before they could operate. For example, PepsiCo was limited to selling at most 25% of total sales of their soft drink concentrate to local bottlers (Cateora 2007). They were also not allowed to use foreign brand names on their products, which meant that PepsiCo had to rename their products Lehar Pepsi and Lehar 7UP. These limitations served to dampen PepsiCo’s advance into the market, as well as tamper with the ‘product’ element of their marketing mix by getting rid of the brand’s established name. Coca-cola on the other hand, was forced by the government to relinquish 49% of the company’s shares in order to purchase the local bottling plants (Cateora 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pepsi and Coca Cola in India a Case Study" essay for you Create order What made it worst was that at the time the company was pleading with the government to waive the ruling; there was a change in the bureaucratic in the government that left all past lobbying efforts in vein. This lack of solid institutions not only makes it hard for companies to manage the enviroment, but also gives way to corruption. Unfortunately, even if the two companies had extensively researched the situation and performed comprehensive environment analysis, they would have not foreseen many of the problems. This is due to the unstable and unpredictable nature of the political and legal environment resulting from a lack of a solid foundation of law. While PepsiCo entered India in 1988, Coca-Cola only managed to properly re-enter the Indian market in 1993, a whole 5 years after its rival. Both companies’ ventures faced some strict conditions from the government. However, Coca-Cola’s initial entry decision to buy out local company Parle would eventually result in some heavy repercussions for the company. Those 5 years really made a difference to PepsiCo. It allowed the company a firm grasp in the market. According to the case study, by 1993, the company had already managed to hold 26% of market shares and this was even before Coca-Cola entered the market. Carbonated drinks require low involvement and are often convenience purchases. These kind of purchases are often based on whatever is on the consumers evoked set at the time; something which takes a lot of effort to change (Mathur 2006). Entering early gave Pepsi the upper edge in this respect. During the time, India’s regulations regarding international business and trade were also constantly changing (Pathak 2007). At the time of PepsiCo’s entry, the government’s policy on international trade were more open and rules for operating with local businesses were more forgiving. Unfortunately for Coca-Cola, by the time it entered the county, the Indian government had changed it policies again to reinforce its stance in protecting local businesses. While the government allowed Coca-Cola to buy out Parle to use their bottling factory to manufacture their products, it gave the company five years before it had to release 49% of its shares to the locals. India’s population is over 1. billion over a very large geographical spread. The cultures within India are also dissimilar from one part to another as well as varying levels of income depending on the region. While there are some uniform interests, marketers should not assume that one marketing mix within a region will work in another region. The southern region of India is more rural and households there have less income compared to other regions. In order to serve these markets better, both Pepsi and Coca-Cola sold their drinks in extra small 200ml bottles in these regions to promote an increase in frequency of purchase. These cheaper bottles made consumption more affordable to those who didn’t have the disposable income. PepsiCo also offered refills for their 300ml bottles at a lower cost to promote re purchasing. PepsiCo and Coca-Cola also kept releasing new products to keep up with the changing of consumer tastes. Both started off with products that were familiar to the consumer base such as cola drinks, lemonade and fruit juices and when they deemed the market to be ready, they released new products such as diet versions and bottled water. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi big promotional campaigns targeted the common interests of the Indian people. For example, Cricket. Pepsi used the cricket matches as a stage to launch an ad campaign featuring various popular national players, as well as sponsoring the Indian team (Emmett 2009). Pepsi managed to tap into the pride of the country for its national team and this is something that is easily relatable to everyone no matter their background or circumstance. The two companies frequently made use of celebrity endorsement to promote their products. Pepsi employed famous Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan (Shatrujeet 2001), whereas Coca-Cola sought the appeal of Aishwarya Rai; just to name a few. Like the sportsmen of cricket, these actors and actresses are easily identifiable to the general public and many use these celebrities as their reference groups. Again, this concept is something that appeals to everyone from various walks of life. PepsiCo utilized the cultural festivals in India to promote their brand. They gave out free gifts with purchase of their Pepsi and Mirinda drinks, such as Basmati Rice and Kit Kat to promote consumption during the Navratri festival, which is during the summer when carbonated drink consumption is at its highest (The Financial Express 2003). Coca-Cola attempted to connect with their consumers through ad campaigns that promote drinking Coke a cool lifestyle choice. In order to segment the market, they divided the population into two groups (Rural and Urban population) in order to effectively target both markets (Mohaiemen 2004) with different marketing mixes. While I wouldn’t go so far to say that Coca-Cola had failed in their operations in India, they could have definitely handled the situation much better. However, it wasn’t entirely their fault. There were some unforeseen factors that played into situation, the most important of which is the political and legal environment of India. Hoping to get a jump on rival PepsiCo and at the same time take advantage of the desperate local businesses, Coca-Cola bought over Parle in order to use their existing bottling plants. The government had issued a ruling that Coca-Cola accepted without hesitation and much thought because they so frantically wanted to regain a foothold in the industry. They assumed that in those 5 years, the market would have flourished and they would have made up their losses. Unfortunately this is their first mistake. They assumed that everything would go to plan. They assumed that everything will work out, even when they have once failed in India few years back. In the end, it didn’t; the market didn’t grow to accept Coca-Cola’s products as they thought it would and they were making loses every year (Prasso 2008). In the end, they tried to lobby with the government to waiver the rule, but ultimately, they weren’t successful. This problem was caused originally from an unstable time in India’s government. In the late 1990s, India went through an industry reform and because of that, rules and regulations kept changing and this made the environment very unstable. Coca-Cola was unfortunate that it entered the market at a time when the government was reinforcing protectionist policies only after a few years of having policies that promoted international business. Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo could stand to learn a few things from their venture into India. For one thing, neither company did terribly well in the early years of setting up shop in the country. Both had to learn to adapt to a totally new environment; but with this new experience, they are better equipped to enter more emerging markets similar to India. Lesson number 1 is to always know what your costumer wants. For the first few years they were in India, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola fiercely battled out each other for dominance, yet both weren’t seeing profit levels that they had hoped. They soon realized that their competition wasn’t actually each other’s products, but substitute goods such as tea, water and other non-carbonated drinks. This then prompted both companies to release products to cater those markets (Prasso 2008). This shows that just because a county is in a stage of growth, it doesn’t mean that as they grow, they also conform to western cultures (such as carbonated drink consumption). In conclusion, research and analysis of culture is very important. Secondly, they should always keep in mind that the political legal environment is not a force to be reckoned with. Because Coca-Cola entered at the wrong time, they were forced to follow the governments rulings; rules which could be seen as unfair to them. However, in saying that, they made the mistake of trying to back out of a promise they had already made, hurting their reputation in the process. They should try not to repeat this in the future. Lastly, both companies learned that it’s better to be proactive when it comes to matters such as the environment responsibility. Coca-Cola only started up an advisory board for their operations after they were accused of having pesticide residue in their products (Business Global 2006). This action was taken too late as the damage had already been done; their image received some pretty bad press due to the issue. If they had taken a more proactive approach, not only would it have strengthened their image, predicaments such as this would have been avoidable. Bibliography Business Global 2006, India: Behind The Scare Over Pesticides In Pepsi And Coke, Bloomberg Newsweek, 4 September 2006. Cateora, PR,JLG 2007, International Marketing, McGraw Hill, New York. Emmett, J 2009, Cricket sponsorship drives Pepsi sales surge, SportsPro, 15 July 2009. Mathur, V 2006, Evoked set: myth or reality? brand name products, New Century Publications, New Delhi. Mohaiemen, N 2004, Thanda Matlab Coca Cola, IMC India, 20 January 2004. Pathak, B 2007, Industrial Policy of India : Changing Facets, Deep and Deep. Petrof, JV Daghfous, N 1996, Evoked set: myth or reality? brand name products, Business Horizons, May-June 1996. Prasso, S 2008, Lessons for the Indian market, Enterpreneur, April-May 2008. Shatrujeet, N 2001, Amitabh Bachchan debuts for Pepsi, afaqs! , 5 May 2001. The Financial Express 2003, Corporates Revel In Community Festivals, The Financial Express, 23 September 2003.

The Blunt Truth About Marijuana - 891 Words

A couple hits of cannabis are capable of stimulating sensations for the individual that ultimately result in a euphoric experience. The legality of this astounding drug has been a controversial subject for decades. Marijuana officially became illegal in the United States in 1937, on account of the Marijuana Tax Act (Gahlinger 35). Since then, the topic of legalizing marijuana has been discussed, but never exhausted. Many compelling arguments have been made in support for the legalization of marijuana. Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States; in fact, more than 70 million Americans have tried marijuana (Marijuana Myths†¦).Prohibition has proved to be ineffective and supporters believe that legalization could enhance the quality of American life by spurring economic prosperity and encompassing many health benefits. The courts are currently burdened with marijuana related offenses, which could easily be diminished by decriminalizing marijuana. Harry G. Levine and Loren Siegel of the Marijuana Arrest Research Project stated in their online article that, â€Å"Over the last fifteen years, a single arrest for marijuana possession, including all police and court expenses, has cost from $1,000 to $2,000 or more, conservatively estimated.† The money spent on these arrests begins to accumulate into a profuse amount. In addition, the valuable time of attorneys, judges, and police officers is wasted on marijuana offenses. The courts should focus on the moreShow MoreRelatedThe Blunt Truth About Marijuana1183 Words   |  5 Pagesto Writing 13 May 2016 The Blunt Truth about Marijuana Imagine having a son or daughter who has six or more seizures a day. If you could could decrease the number of seizures they had a day by half, wouldn’t you consider medical marijuana? It is well known that medical cannabis has been used to cure many medical conditions for a long period of time already. 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Attrition Rate in the Call Center Industry Free Essays

Attrition has been an evident problem for every organization due to either jack of appreciation or lack of proper job sculpting. But what is attrition? Simply put, it is the reduction in the number of employees through retirement, resignation, etc. Attrition affects two things: 1) the morale of other employees; and 2) the financial position of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Attrition Rate in the Call Center Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The group chose this topic because we are greatly interested in such field. The group is curious as to why the rate of turnover in the call center agency is high and what is the effect of this to the call center organizations. Why do these employees leave their jobs as call center agents? Is it because of the unjust compensation that these call centers are providing or is it because call center agents in general are not happy with what they do? We can draw many conclusions but at the end of the day, conducting a research would give us peace of mind. B. Significance of the Study The significance of the study is to be able to give emphasis as to why the rate of turnover in the call center industry is high. The group will only focus on the causes and the effects of attrition in the said industry. The study would serve as a guide and would be of great help to call center organizations in maintaining employees in their company. Furthermore, the study would be able to show the importance of the call center industry in the city of Manila. C. Problem and Objectives Problem: What are the causes Of attrition and how does it affect the call center industry? Objectives: To explain what attrition is and its difference from turnover To give emphasis on why call center agents resign To determine the factors of attrition To show how attrition affects the call center industry To present the facts obtained through out the whole research D. Assumption and Hypotheses Call center agents resign from their currents posts because they are not pappy with what they do. There will always be that feeling of being unsatisfied and it will always bother them. Some would think to themselves, â€Å"Why am I doing this when can do so much better. † Most fresh graduates or undergraduates who are in need of fast cash apply at call centers to have something to do for the mean time but after a while, they move on, leaving the organization to find quick replacements at which before that can do so, the financial position Of the company will be affected. E. Scope and Limitations This study focuses on the cause and impact of attrition in the call center industry with regard to the turnover rate of employees, why call center agents leave call centers, and how the loss of employees affect these call centers. The study will only gather respondents that are call center agents that are employed within the jurisdiction of the city of Manila. F. Definition of Terms Attrition – a reduction in the number of employees or participants that occurs when people leave because they resign, retire, etc. And are not replaced Burnout -? physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress Call center – an office set up to handle a large volume of telephone calls, especially or taking orders and providing customer service Call center agent -? basic employee of a call center Compensation – something awarded to someone Customer service -? provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase; a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction – that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation Economy -? consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location How to cite Attrition Rate in the Call Center Industry, Essays

Juvenile Justice Reform Essays - Legal Procedure, Criminal Procedure

Juvenile Justice Reform Law Juvenile Justice Reform Massachusetts Juvenile Justice Reform: A Step in the Wrong Direction Juvenile Justice THESIS STATEMENT: The Great and General Court of Massachusetts has erred in reforming the juvenile justice system by implementing policies and procedures that will harm juveniles and place society at risk. On July 23, 1995, an intruder brutally attacked and stabbed Janet Downing approximately 100 times in her Somerville home. The revolting Downing murder and ensuing arrest of Edward O'Brien Jr., a 15-year-old juvenile whom prosecutors say committed the heinous crime, sent shockwaves through the state. When Somerville District Court Judge Paul P. Hefferman ruled that the Commonwealth try Mr. O'Brien as a juvenile, those shockwaves grew in intensity, and the citizens of Massachusetts, fed up with increasing youth violence and perceptions of an ineffective juvenile justice system, demanded the enactment of tough new laws to deal with repeat and violent juvenile offenders. The Great and General Court of Massachusetts headed these demands for reform of the juvenile justice system and enacted legislation that, among other things, abolishes the trial de novo system in the juvenile courts, requires the trial of juveniles charged with murder, manslaughter, aggravated rape, forcible rape of a child, kidnaping, assault with intent to rob or murder and armed burglary in adult court and permits prosecutors to open to the public juvenile proceedings when they seek an adult sentence. Although proponents tout these measures as a sagacious solution for the vexatious problem of juvenile delinquency, abolishing the trial de novo system, providing for automatic adult trials and opening juvenile proceedings to the public when prosecutors seek an adult sentence works to the detriment, not the benefit, of juveniles and society. Therefore, the policy makers of Massachusetts should repeal most sections of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act and develop other policies to deal with the rising problem of juvenile crime. I. A SINGLE TRIAL SYSTEM PREVENTS COURTS FROM PROVIDING RAPID ASSISTANCE TO JUVENILES IN NEED, DOES LITTLE TO SERVE JUDICIAL ECONOMY AND PLACES A SIMILAR BURDEN AS THE DE NOVO SYSTEM ON VICTIMS AND WITNESSES. Proponents of a single trial system for juveniles argue that the trial de novo system wastes judicial resources by giving defendants a second bite at the apple and traumatizes victims and witnesses by forcing them to testify at two proceedings. However, these proponents fail to acknowledge that the de novo system allows judges to quickly provide juveniles with the rehabilitative help they need. The proponents, unsurprisingly, also fail to acknowledge that a single trial system may place a greater burden on judicial resources and a similar burden on victims and witnesses. The de novo system benefits juveniles by encouraging bench trials, which frequently result in the swift administration of rehabilitative help. For many juveniles, delinquency is a reaction to a variety of situational stressors. Statistics indicate that the vast majority of juvenile delinquents are exposed to abuse and neglect, harsh or erratic parenting, and socioeconomic deprivation. Experts believe that if the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate juveniles and make them productive members of our society, it must address these problems as swiftly as possible. A de novo system encourages juveniles, many of whom want judicial help, to request a bench trial. Likewise, under a de novo system, defense attorneys are encouraged to recommend an initial bench trial because the court's decision does not bind clients if it is not in their interest. On the other hand, a single trial system discourages juveniles and defense attorneys from requesting a bench trial. Because jury trials are more lengthy than bench trials and may drag out for over a year, the current policy of encouraging juveniles to seek an initial jury trial denies them the rehabilitative help they need for a significant period of time. Therefore, the de novo system is the preferred choice when dealing with juveniles because it encourages bench trials and, concomitantly, the swift administration of rehabilitative help. As noted earlier, one of the primary arguments for doing away with the de novo system is that it wastes judicial resources. However, upon closer examination one realizes that the de novo system actually furthers judicial economy. Under a de novo system, procedural safeguards can be done away with or relaxed at bench trials without fear of violating rights of defendants. Courts have found the elimination of procedural safeguards at bench trials in a de novo system to be constitutional because the judiciary will extend all safeguards to the defendant at a new jury trial if he/she so chooses. Although no statistics could be found which indicate the number of defendants appealing de novo bench trial decision, a court

Quotes From President Andrew Jackson

Quotes From President Andrew Jackson Like most presidents, Andrew Jackson had speechwriters, and as a result, many of his speeches were elegant, brief, and rather low-key, despite some of the chaos of his presidency. Andrew Jacksons election to the United States presidency in 1828 was seen as the rise of the common man. According to the election rules of the day, he lost the election of 1824 to John Quincy Adams, although in fact Jackson had won the popular vote, and tied Adams in ​the electoral college, but lost in the House of Representatives. Once Jackson became president, he was one of the first to truly utilize the power of the presidency. He was known for following his own strong opinions and vetoing more bills than all presidents before him. His enemies called him King Andrew. Many quotations on the internet are attributed to Jackson, but lack citations to give context or meaning to the quotation. The following list includes quotes with the sources where possibleand a handful without. Verifiable Quotes: Presidential Speeches Verifiable quotations are those that can be found in specific speeches or publications of President Jackson. In a free government, the demand for moral qualities should be made superior to that of talents. (from a rough draft of his Inaugural Address) It will be my sincere and constant desire to observe toward the Indian tribes within our limits a just and liberal policy, and to give that humane and considerate attention to their rights and their wants which is consistent with the habits of our Government and the feelings of our people. (from Jacksons First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1829) Without union, our independence and liberty would never have been achieved; without union, they never can be maintained. (Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1833) There are no necessary evils in government. Its evils exist only in its abuses. (message to the U.S. Senate regarding his veto of a proposed Bank of the United States, July 10, 1832) Verifiable Quotes: Proclamations The individual who refuses to defend his rights when called by his Government deserves to be a slave, and must be punished as an enemy of his country and friend to her foe. (Proclamation before he became president, declaring martial law in New Orleans during the War of 1812, December 2, 1814) The moment we engage in confederations, or alliances with any nation we may from that time date the downfall of our republic. (Warning to John C. Calhoun who had announced to Congress that he was going to be attending a conference in Panama to improve relations and discuss the possibility of Northern intervention in Latin America, in 1828) The wisdom of man never yet contrived a system of taxation that would operate with perfect equality. (Proclamation to the People of South Carolina, written by Edward Livingston and issued by Jackson on December 10, 1832, at the height of the Nullification Crisis) Unverified Quotations These quotations have some evidence that they may have been used by Jackson, but cannot be verified. Any man worth his salt will stick up for what he believes right, but it takes a slightly better man to acknowledge instantly and without reservation that he is in error. (also attributed to General Peyton C. March) One man with courage makes a majority. (This is an old adage which was written by the 16th-century Scottish reformer John Knox, that may or may not have also been quoted by Jackson) This quotation appears on the Internet as attributed to Jackson but without a citation, and it doesnt sound like Jacksons political voice. It could have been something he said in a private letter: I can say with truth that mine is a situation of dignified slavery. Sources Dirck BR. 2007. The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics. Sacramento: ABC-CLIO.Farwell B. 2001. The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.Keyes R. 2006. The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When. New York: St. Martins Griffin.Northrup CC, and Prange Turney EC. 2003. Encyclopedia of Tariffs and Trade in U.S. History. Volume II Debating the Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.issues : selected primary documents.

Go to College Without a High School Diploma

Go to College Without a High School Diploma Don’t give up on your dream of enrolling in a college or university just because you didn’t get your high school diploma. Although most colleges require a high school diploma to enroll in any program that grants bachelors degrees, several options are available for students who lack the paper to prove that they graduated high school. 1. Community College Most community colleges assume that a certain percentage of their student body is applying without a high school diploma, and they plan accordingly. They often have programs specifically designed to help people without diplomas who show the potential to succeed. Since more and more community colleges are creating online programs, many new options have also opened up for distance learners. Check with your local schools to see what programs they offer, or search online to find a program that matches your needs. 2. GED Programs Some colleges allow students to enroll with a GED. Designed to be a high school equivalency test, the GED proves that passing students have an education comparable to the current graduating class of seniors. You can find free GED preparation courses online. 3. Nontraditional Student Status Students who have been out of high school for a long time may qualify for nontraditional student status, which generally means that the student is older than the average enrollee. Almost all online and traditional colleges have an organization dedicated to helping such students find success. You may be able to bypass traditional requirements, such as the high school diploma, by proving relevant life experience and demonstrated maturity. 4. Concurrent Enrollment If you still want to get your high school diploma, you may be able to take online college classes at the same time you’re working on your high school credits. Many colleges have special programs that negotiate concurrent enrollment, which allows a student to attend two schools at the same time. The good news? Many high schools allow students to earn double high school credit by completing college courses, which means you may be able to kill two birds with one stone- double the credits, double the diplomas! The Bottom Line Students have many motivations for attending college; one of the primary reasons is financial. As of May 2017, holders of bachelors degrees earn 31 percent more than workers with an associate degree and 74 percent more than holders of just a high school diploma. When it comes to lifetime earnings, the difference is about $2.3 million over a lifetime between bachelors degree holders and high school diplomates, and thats a good reason indeed to stay in school.

Television, contemporary output and critical analysis of Raymond Essay

Television, contemporary output and critical analysis of Raymond Williams - Essay Example Advertisers and network agencies have their own agenda regarding television content in terms of attracting homogenous groups of viewers together to understand a product or brand identification. Cultural symbols are being presented within these messages that are a part of programming and narrativised. The inherent or learned cultural codes within people of different demographics help to identify with content and make sense of not only the flow of ideas and images, but to somehow make sense of the self in the process. Williams’ views are directly related to cultural dimensions in the viewer and seem to represent an accurate view of flow and interpreting value through presentation and contemporary output. Evolution of television Cultural codifications: Inherent or learned processes that help viewers make sense of themselves. Consider the evolution of television. In 1953, the Butterball turkey is introduced. In 1954, Swanson advertises its first television dinner on The Milton Berle Show (Lempert 2002). In 1962, Pepsi creates Diet Pepsi (Lempert). Advertising in television has ingrained many of the different cultural codes that are used today in making sense of life, in a sense finding commonality with others based on lifestyle elements.

Exploring the relationship between digital Architecture and digital Essay

Exploring the relationship between digital Architecture and digital fabrication - Essay Example As a matter of fact, it emerges that the relationship between the two is solely responsible for the increased automation in the construction industry. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Digital architecture 5 Digital fabrication 6 Digital architecture versus digital fabrication 8 Case study: Greater London Authority 12 Discussion 15 Conclusion 17 Reference 19 Table of figures Figure 1: Paradigmatic shift in digital design 8 Figure 2: levels of digital computability 9 Figure 3: Mercedes Benz Museum 10 Figure 4: Cecil Belmond’s Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 11 Figure 5: Weaire-Phelan structure and Water Cube 12 Figure 6: Greater London Authority 13 Figure 7: Programmed wall elements 14 Introduction At a time when art and design are intertwined and increasingly sophisticated, generating ideas and fabrication of the ideas into items for reflection and evaluation of the conceptualized creativity is important. Conventionally, painters produce sketches as items of their creati ve processes; explore composition possibilities in form of pencil drawings before finalizing the paintings. On the other hand, Architects explore lots of design possibilities via sketching of designs, hard-line drawings, physical models, as well as manufacturing artifacts for diverse ideas exploration. In the modern world, architects have adopted digital design in manufacturing of shapes and spaces including advanced technologies, which include, generative modeling methods using parametric modeling as well as CAD scripting. Modern architects traditionally generate multiple ideas in form of sketches in order to be able to further narrow down possible solutions to design and manufacturing challenges. Throughout the entire design history, lots of efforts have been put forth in facilitation of the process of generating ideas. Past literature present various endeavors ranging from creative design methodologies to high-end technological solutions. Basing from the technology-methodology pe rspective, there still are lots of innovative technological advances and challenges in design methodology application in multiple circumstances, which can be abridged together. Digital design and fabrication solutions present extensive potentials for integration into creative design process given that it offers possibility of availing tangible artifacts to existence where imagination of the mind is exceeded. Designers conventionally attempt rationalize their designs. Creation of study models, mock-ups and test prototypes are amongst approaches often implemented in validation of utility of designs. These multiple methods considered are treated as post-design evaluation methods. Typically, by the time a prototype comes to focus group session, lots of decisions will already reached. As a matter of fact, in conventional design processes, critical decisions are reached on the paper. Micro design integration decisions shape products. Nonetheless, what makes the process realistic are the s kills and experience levels that the designers exhibit. On the other hand, designers and fabricators are conventionally limited by skills they possess as well as various other parameters. However, digital design and

Solutions to preventing the spread of global warming and its affects Es

â€Å"The American flag has gone through changes over time; those changes have made an impact on our country and made it what it is today.† Our earth is like the American flag, it is constantly changing, and one issue that affects our earth is global warming. We now live in an industrialized world which is filled with many new technologies that provide goods and services to us, provide us with energy and electricity and transportation. These new technological advances have made our lives much easier to live with. These technologies include things such as: factories, power plants, automobiles, etc†¦ this has made the human population very dependent and accustomed to all of these technological advances. The use of technology requires the energy of fossil fuels to keep it running. By using fossil fuel energy we are releasing harmful green-house gases into our atmosphere, we are slowly bringing forth climate changes and environmental issues to our society. To respond to thes e global warming issues, we must promote awareness and educate people in our society and let them know that humans influence the environment around them. We must also educate people to find better technological advances that will improve global and environmental issues, by doing so we will drastically alter the environment around us in a more positive way. Many years ago, society thought that the threat of global warming would never arise during our life time expectancies as well as our children’s generation. Recently global warming is being recognized and accepted by experts from the scientific community as well as public society. Global warming is caused by the over use of fossil fuel materials. Richard A. Kerr, author and reporter for Science Magazine, believes that ... ...ng Sides: Clashing Views on Global Issues 7thed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012: 130-134. Print. Kerr, Richard A., â€Å"Globalization Warming Is Changing the World.† Science. 316(2007): 188-190. JSTOR.Web. 4 Feb 2014 Solomon Barry D. et al., â€Å"Global Warming.†Science.247(1990): 620. JSTOR.Web. 4 Feb 2014 Monastersky R., â€Å"EPA Offers Options to Slow Global Warming.† Science News. 135(1989): 183. JSTOR.Web. 4 Feb 2014 â€Å"The Rising Cost of Natural Hazards : Feature Articles. â€Å" The Rising Cost of Natural Hazards : Feature Articles. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014 Than , Ker. â€Å"Scientist: Natural Disaster Becoming More Common.† LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 17 Oct. 2005. Web. 20 Apr. 2014 Malakoff, David. â€Å"Global Warming Is Not a Crisis† NPR. NPR, 22 Mar. 2007. Web. 22 Apr. 2014 Shah, Anup. â€Å"Climate Change and Global Warming.† – Global Issues. N.p., 19 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.

How can I as a Nurse Change the Public Health System in the USA?

The functions of the public health care system according to Deacon (2001) are: improving the health and well-being of the population; preventing disease and reducing its consequences; prolonging life; and minimizing imbalance in health. The United States government has always been persistent in addressing public health. In line with this, the government proposed a new public health reform that attempts to acquire a wider coverage of state residents by requiring them to get a health care coverage. According to Kaisernetwork.org (2007), the reform would have the following provisions: 1) Residents having 250% and below of poverty level would receive subsidies from the state; 2) Residents having up to 400% of poverty level would have the opportunity to remove health care premium costs that are beyond 5.5% of their compensation; and 3) Residents who retire before age 65 would be given tax credits to avert them from spending more than 10% of their insurance savings. The planned reform attempts a wider coverage so it prohibits insurers to turn down residents wishing to acquire health care coverage. However, critics contend that the health care reform would be unfair and unproductive. In addition, it would be unsustainable – politically and financially. Public servants such as myself who belong to the nursing profession concern ourselves with the community’s health. We play a critical role in improving public’s health based on their knowledge, adequacy, and accessibility as mentioned by Deacon (2001). Our knowledge as nurses is quite depended by the public since they have extensive awareness of the communities they serve and the needs of these. We as nurses are also considered to be in a position to work for the public since they are regarded legitimate individuals that promote health improvement. The adequacy of nurses also enables people to confidentially discuss issues with them since they are viewed to be part of a large population of both ill and well. Biomedicine.org (2008) asserted that the contribution of nurses, like myself,   to the health care reform will be on the calculations of the patient result quality and costs of health care. Nevertheless, nurses can help change the existing health care system by providing substantive information to the community at large, thereby educating them with the cure and prevention of certain diseases. DOH (2000) stated that nurses are responsible of health awareness activities such as immunizations, cancer screening, and helping people with diabetes and asthma live dynamically. Problems with communities can also be addressed by nurses by facilitating groups that will educate individuals with health issues such as smoking and mental illness. Above all, these public figures should be well informed in educational and organizational support to be fully trusted by local communities as health practitioners so that they may be able to embark systematic measures to change the current health care system the society is put in. Public health care reforms are made for the benefit of state residents, but some reforms are just too costly and unproductive to be appreciated by average citizens. Nevertheless, nurses play the crucial role of promoting health, preventing illness and prolonging life, no matter what health care reform the country is put in. But for nurses to help change the current health care system, they must be able to fully utilize their potentials by sharing their knowledge and experience to educate and promote health awareness; assessing the information, terminologies, and concept available to them and creating opportunities such as support groups to share new information and experiences which are accorded to them, as mentioned by GANM (2006). References Bio-Medicine.org (2008). Mnnesota registered nurses promote law to improve patient care and address health care costs. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 Deacon, S. (2001). Nursing for health: Areview of the contribution of nurses, midwives and health visitors to improving the public’s health in scotland. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2001/03/8525/File-1 Department of Health. (2000). Vital contribution made by community nurses to public health. February 27, 2008 from http://archive.nics.gov.uk/hss/001110e-hss.htm Global Alliance for Nursing and Midwifery Communities of Practice. (2006). Wrking together for health knowledge exchange. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from my.ibpinitiative.org/public/Default.aspx?c=1325c561-2b21-449e-880e-6623a1214707 Kaisernetwork.org. (December 17, 2007). State wtch  California Gov. Schwarzenegger, state assembly speaker reach compromise on health system overhaul. Retrieved on February 27, 2008 from http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?hint=3&DR_ID=49449   

Emancipation and the Freedmen’s Bureau - 2539 Words

The American Civil War was a chaotic and bloody conflict for the United States. While the Civil War was not strictly fought over slavery, it was a central factor. At the outbreak of the war, there were approximately four million slaves in the Union. With Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, those slaves were declared free men. However a large majority of those slaves were located in territory held by the Confederacy, and it was not until the end of the conflict that that these men and women actually saw their freedom. Lincoln had put serious consideration into how to go about ending slavery, but had not fully developed the logistical aspect of what would happen to these men and women after the war. It was not until 1865 that the Union†¦show more content†¦The North had entered into conflict not to end slavery, but instead to preserve the Union however a looming executive action would change that. On September 22, 1862 Lincoln delivered his Emancipation Proclamation. This was a sweeping action that granted freedom to the slaves of the confederacy. While the Proclamation was a grand gesture, the Confederate States did not recognize the authority of President Lincoln, and the proclamation did not apply in the border states. Essentially at the time, the proclamation was given it only freed slaves who had managed to escape behind Union lines. The slaves that remained in the south would have to wait for Union forces to arrive, or escape to the North before receiving their freedom. While it was limited in its power, the proclamation had made the abolition of slavery an official war goal. Freedom for Southern slaves would come but only as the Union took territory from the Confederacy. The Emancipation Proclamation may have freed slaves held in confederate territory, but it left many exemptions for slavery in the border states and states still loyal to the Union. In reality, the Emancipation Proclamation was more an attempt to convince confederate states to return to the union, than an attempt to end slavery outright. Before the Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln had announced that he would order the emancipation of all slavesShow MoreRelatedThe World The War Made By President Lincoln1129 Words   |  5 Pages1. â€Å"The World the War Made† a. Why does Foner say that the Emancipation Proclamation â€Å"transformed a war of armies into a conflict of societies† (3)? REQUIRED i. The Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln declared that all people held as slaves within the rebel states, are now and forever free. This quote is especially important because it demonstrates the effects on society after the Proclamation was signed. Because of these effects, the focus turned from war into the societal â€Å"problems†Read MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1422 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious practices. Due to Abraham Lincoln emancipation of slavery, freedom became a reality for many slaves. The republicans had a great impact on the reconstruction of the Civil War by creating Freedmen’s Bureau, passing the fourteen and fifteenth amendment and granting protection for freedman by passing many laws. ​President Lincoln was a republican. He passed the thirteen amendment abolishing slavery which passed in congress. He signed the law Freedmen’s Bureau which gave ex-slaves the right to economicRead MoreEssay on History From Reconstruction Through Ww11329 Words   |  6 Pagesthis survey paper will be the Thirteenth Amendment, the Freedmens Bureau, the Black Code, the Fourteenth Amendment and finally some political and social achievements of Reconstruction. Reconstruction to African Americans began as a feeling of joy and triumph for their freedom which was taken away quicker than it took to receive but it just wasnt called slavery anymore. Emancipation Proclamation/The Thirteenth Amendment The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 issued by President Lincoln was setRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era ( 1865-1877 )1589 Words   |  7 Pagesprotection from any sort of physical abuse (Foner 552). While the book chapter does not detail the Union military’s role in ensuring the protection of these freedoms of freed blacks, Downs and Nesbit do. According to these authors, even though the emancipation proclamation had been signed before the Reconstruction and the 13th Amendment had banned slavery, the oppression still persisted in many parts of the South. According to the authors, mere proclamations could not end slavery, and the presence ofRead MoreThe American Civil War helped to save the nation by rejoining Union Confederate and as result of800 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War helped to save the nation by rejoining Union Confederate and as result of the Emancipation Proclamation, most African American slaves were declared freed men. However, during the American Reconstruction, the lack of political unity was still very apparent as the South saw Reconstruction as being defeated humiliatingly and thus sought vengeance through the slaves it had lose. Although many slaves did receive their freedom, Reconstruction caused an increase in the white supremacyRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States1622 Words   |  7 Pagesforces caused. Finally, with the emancipation of slaves in 1863, the people of Augusta County had to reshape their economy with the introduction of thousands of newly freed slaves. The economy in Augusta County depended on the slave industry prior to the Civil War through the selling of slaves to fellow slave states. Slavery in the United States can be traced back to the 1600s in New England, Chesapeake, and the Carolinas as a dynamic institution. After the emancipation of the Atlantic Slave Trade,Read MoreLife for Black People After 1865 Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the new organisations that arose such as the Ku Klux Klan and the Freedmen’s Bureau, As well as the blood and gore side of things. Why did they use such terrible methods of murder? 1865: 13th Amendment Slavery Abolished 1868: 14th Amendment Black people became US citizens protected by the Law 1870: 15th Amendment Blacks were allowed to vote The Freedmen’s Bureau was an organisation set up by the government in 1865. It organised educationRead MoreThe Freedom And Full Citizenship Of All African Americans907 Words   |  4 Pagessouthern states seceded. During the civil war Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation that freed all the slaves in the states that seceded, this was the first step to the freedom and full citizenship of all African Americans. During the time of the civil war and reconstruction period constitutional and social developments moderately influenced a revolution. The 13th- 15th amendments influenced constitutionally. Socially, Freedmen’s Bureau, Ku Klux Klan and Jim Crow laws countervailed a revolutionRead MoreFrom The Reconstruction Era Through 1929 American Changed1441 Words   |  6 Pageson both the governmental and civilian level. The Civil War greatly affected the economy of America, care of wounded soldiers cost over of 1/5 of their annual budget (pg. 512) and property values collapsed (pg. 512). The emancipation was also a very costly decision, â⠂¬Å"Emancipation wiped out $4 billion invested in slavery, which had enabled the explosive growth of the cotton culture.† (Shi and Tindall, pg. 512) Before the Civil war, the south was producing approximately thirty percent of the nation’sRead MoreFrom the beginning of the Civil War all the way up to the end of Reconstruction, the United States800 Words   |  4 Pagesconstitutional advancements brought about great change and discord in the country. However, some of these constitutional developments ended up causing conflict such as the civil rights bills and Emancipation Proclamation, in addition to the social developments such as the Black Codes, Ku Klux Klan, and the Freedman’s Bureau. All together, these important events helped put the country into a revolution. The United States was divided into two divergent sides fighting for control even before 1860. These conflicts